Mounjaro (tirzepatide) is a relatively new medication approved for type 2 diabetes management. It is a once-weekly injectable medication and works as a dual GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonist, which means it affects hormones that regulate blood sugar and appetite. While it shows promising results for glycaemic control and weight management, understanding its side effect profile is crucial for Indian patients considering this treatment option.

Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, constipation, decreased appetite, and stomach discomfort. These symptoms are typically mild to moderate and often diminish as your body adjusts to the medication. 

However, there are serious side effects to be mindful of: 

• Pancreatitis, inflammation of the pancreas, presents as severe abdominal pain. 
• Gallbladder issues, including gallstones and inflammation. 
• Dehydration from gastrointestinal symptoms can lead to acute kidney injury. 
• Animal studies have shown a risk of thyroid C-cell tumours, though it’s unclear if this applies to humans. 

It is crucial to consult your doctor if you experience symptoms like severe stomach pain, persistent nausea, or signs of an allergic reaction. 

Indian diets tend to be carbohydrate-rich, which may interact with Mounjaro’s effects on slowing gastric emptying. This could potentially intensify nausea symptoms after carbohydrate-heavy meals. 

Indians generally have a different body composition with higher visceral fat percentage at lower BMIs compared to Western populations. This thin-fat phenotype might influence how the medication affects metabolism and potentially alters side effect profiles.  

In India, where dietary habits and access to healthcare vary, managing side effects involves:

• Start with the lowest dose and gradually increase it. 
• Staying hydrated to prevent kidney issues. 
• Consume smaller and frequent meals with lower fat content. 
• Avoid spicy or heavily seasoned foods when first starting treatment. 
• Monitoring for signs of pancreatitis or gallbladder problems. 
• Being aware of any allergic reactions. 

While most side effects are manageable, certain symptoms warrant immediate medical attention:

• Severe abdominal pain that doesn’t subside. 
• Persistent vomiting leading to dehydration 
• Symptoms of pancreatitis, including pain radiating to your back
• Signs of an allergic reaction such as difficulty breathing or swelling. 

Before starting Mounjaro, discuss your medical history with your healthcare provider, especially if you have a history of pancreatitis, gallbladder disease, kidney issues, or thyroid problems. Remember, Mounjaro is a tool to aid in managing type 2 diabetes and weight, but it should be used in conjunction with lifestyle changes like a balanced diet and regular exercise. 


Kripa, is a Specialist Dietitian at The London Obesity & Endocrine Clinic. She has helped many patients overcome weight management barriers. ©Simplyweight

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